owners who have abundance have obligations of charity to ensure the happiness of others. Paley’s stress on the importance of happiness is interesting from the standpoint of apologetics. In Paley’s view, a Christian apologist should not be interested primarily in converting people to have “the right beliefs about God” but in the happiness of all people, Christian and non-Christians alike, which is very similar to C. S. Lewis’s own approach. In the history of ethics in modern European thought, the
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